to fill in the form over the page

[peɪʤ] I 1. сущ. 2. гл. II 1. сущ. 2. гл.

I
1. top noun
2. adjective
3. verb - topping
- top hat
- top-heavy
- top-secret
- at the top of one's voice
- be/feel on top of the world
- from top to bottom
- the top of the ladderee
- top up
II top noun tɑːp, tɒp
I

II

III
1.

2.

I [tɒp] blow II, 1., 3) (Aut) = top gear top-drawer
II
N [tɑːp, tɒp]
I

II

III
1.

2.

عَلَى \ against: touching (usually sth. upright): The rain beat against the window. He pressed his nose against the glass. on: showing where sb. or sth. is placed: He lay on his back on the bed. The picture hung on a nail on the wall. Your name is on the list. He hit me on the nose. The boat is on the river (in the water). The house is on the river (beside the water), as in the previous meaning, but with movement (often with to) He jumped on (to) his horse. The book fell on (to) the floor. onto: on to: He sprang onto the table. over: lying across; resting on; covering: A cloud was over the sun. She spread a cloth over the table, across the surface of Ships sail over the sea, above (in rank, etc.) He rules over a proud people, about; concerning They quarrelled over the resutl of the race. You need not hurry over your dinner. upon: on. \ عَلَى \ on shore, ashore: on dry land; not on the sea; on or to the shore: Sailors are unhappy ashore. We swam ashore from the boat. \ See Also نَحْوَ البَرّ، اليابسة (اليَابِسَة)‏ \ عَلَى \ ashore: on or to the shore: Sailors are unhappy ashore. We swam ashore from the boat. on shore, ashore: on dry land; not on the sea. \ See Also نَحْوَ الشّاطِئ \ عَلَى اتِّصَال (عكس مُنْقَطع عن)‏ \ in touch: (the opposite is out of touch) giving or receiving news: I’ve been in touch with my brother by telephone. The radio keeps us in touch with world events. \ عَلَى أتَمّ ما يكُون من التَّرتيب والهِنْدام \ spick and span: (as a predic. phrase) neat, clean and bright: Sailors usually keep their boats spick and span. \ عَلَى الأَثير \ on the air: being sent out on the radio or television. \ عَلَى أَحْسَن وَجْه \ best, well, better: in the best way: Peter played best last week. \ عَلَى أرْبَع \ on all fours: on hands and knees: She went down on all fours to look for the needle. \ عَلَى الأرض \ over: from an upright (or straight) position to a flat (or bent) position: I fell over. He knocked me over. She bent over to pick it up. \ عَلَى استعداد \ content: willing: I’m content to wait for my turn. \ عَلَى أشُدِّه \ in full swing: (of an activity) at its highest point; very busy: The party was in full swing when I arrived. \ عَلَى الإطلاق \ little: (coming just before the verb) not at all: I little knew (or Little did I know) that next day he would be dead. not in the least: not at all: It doesn’t matter in the least. whatever: at all: I have no money whatever. whatsoever: a strong form of whatever; at all: Tell him nothing whatsoever!. \ عَلَى الأَغْلَب \ for the most part: mostly: He is old and for the most part he stays at home. \ عَلَى أَقْصَى ما تستطيع رؤيتَه \ in the distance: far away (from the point where one is): In the distance he could see the mountains. \ عَلَى الأَقَلّ \ a good: (with numbers) at least: He lives a good 3 miles away. at least: (showing that sth. is true, necessary, etc., even if sth. else is not) in spite of what has just been said or is just going to be said: He may be lazy but at least he’s honest. You can at least be polite even if you don’t like him, not less than It cost at least $100. quite: at least; not less than: The journey took quite three hours. \ عَلَى الأَكثَر \ largely: mostly: The accident was largely his own fault. mainly: chiefly; mostly. \ عَلَى انفِراد \ private: (only in the phrase in private) privately; where nobody can hear except those concerned: May I speak to you in private. \ عَلَى أُهْبَة الاستعداد \ stand by: to be ready, in case one may be needed: The soldiers were told to stand by. \ عَلَى أَيّ حال \ anyhow: in any case: I don’t really need this; anyhow, it costs too much. anyway: in any case: I may be late; anyway, don’t wait for me, in any case I don’t really need this; anyhow, it costs too much. at all events, in any event: in any case; whatever may happen or has happened: He didn’t win but, at all events, he did try hard. at any rate: at least; in any case: He wasn’t there; at any rate, I don’t think he was. I may not succeed; but I’ll try, at any rate. in any case: no matter what else may be considered, anyhow: It costs too much. In any case, I don’t really need it. \ عَلَى أيَّة حال \ all the same, at the same time: (only at the start of a sentence; comparing points that are for and against) in spite of this: He’s not clever; all the same, he does try hard. however: all the same; in spite of what has just been said: I’m very tired; however, I’ll come and help you. \ عَلَى بُعد \ away: at a distance: Brighton is 60 miles away. Keep away from the wet paint. beyond: further; on or to the farther side: I looked across the river to the hills beyond. \ عَلَى التَّخْصِيص \ in particular: especially: I enjoyed his first song in particular. \ عَلَى التَّوَالي \ respectively: separately, in that order: Boys and girls will be examined on Monday and Tuesday respectively (the boys on Monday, the girls on Tuesday). \ عَلَى جَانِب \ up: along (up and down are both used like this, although the course may be quite level): He lives just up the road. \ عَلَى الجميع \ round: to everyone: He handed the coffee round. There were not enough cups to go round. \ عَلَى حَدٍّ \ as far as, so far as: (showing a limit): As far as I know, he’s not here. \ عَلَى حَدٍّ سَواء \ alike: in the same way: He treats us all alike. \ عَلَى حَدِّ عِلْمي \ to the best knowledge: as far as I know: To the best of my knowledge, he is honest (I have no reason to doubt his honesty). \ عَلَى حِدَة \ private: (only in the phrase in private) privately; where nobody can hear except those concerned: May I speak to you in private?. separate: not joined or shared; apart: Keep the new milk separate from the old. \ عَلَى حَقّ (مُحِقّ)‏ \ be in the right: not be at fault: Although they said she’d made a mistake, they discovered she was in the right. \ عَلَى حِين غِرَّة \ all of a sudden: in a sudden manner. suddenly: in a sudden manner: The door opened suddenly. \ عَلَى خَطَأ \ in the wrong: mistaken (in one’s judgement, behaviour etc.). \ عَلَى الدَّوام \ always: at all times. \ عَلَى رؤوس الأصابِع \ on tiptoe: on the tips of one’s toes: I can reach that if I stand on tiptoe. \ عَلَى الرّاجح \ likely: (usu. with very, most, more or quite) probably: She’s very likely right. \ عَلَى الرُّغْم مِن \ despite: in spite of: Despite his age, the old man walks several miles every day. for all: in spite of: For all his strength, he could not lift it. much as: although: Much as I admire him, I could not work with him. spite, in spite of: (of sth. that fails) even with: In spite of his efforts, he could not save her life, without regard to; not caring about (a difficulty) In spite of his illness, he attended the ceremony. \ عَلَى الرُّغْم مِنْ أَنَّ \ although: in spite of the fact that; (without a verb) in spite of being: Although (he was) ill, he went to work. \ عَلَى الرُّغْم من ذلك \ even so: in spite of that: He may be foolish; even so, you should help him. just the same: (showing one thing that is not the natural result of another) in spite of this: He’s a thief, but I like him just the same. nevertheless: in spite of that: I told him it would be dangerous, but nevertheless he did it. still: in spite of that: We rarely win; but still, we enjoy playing. \ عَلَى سَبيل المِثال \ for instance: as an example: He’s often late. Yesterday, for instance, he came home after midnight. \ عَلَى السَّطح كلِّه \ over: (esp. with all) across a surface: The table was wet all over. He rubbed it over with a dry cloth. \ عَلَى سَوِيَّة \ level: equal in height or position: His eyes were level with my shoulder. I soon drew level with the leading runner. \ عَلَى سَوِيَّة \ flush: exactly on a level with; not sticking out from; meeting exactly at the edges: The door is flush with the wall when it is closed. \ See Also مستوى (مُسْتَوًى)‏ \ عَلَى سَوِيَّة واحدة \ even: equal: The table legs were not of even length. He shared the money evenly among them. \ عَلَى شاكِلَة \ like: the same as: What is he like (in appearance and character)? He’s just like his father., What does it feel (or look or taste or smell or sound) like?. in the same way as:: He swims like a fish. \ عَلَى شَرْط \ provide (that), also providing (that): if; on condition that: I’ll go, provided (that) you’ll go too. \ عَلَى شَفَا \ on the brink of: close to (sth. dangerous or exciting): on the brink of war. on the point of doing sth.: starting to do sth.: I was on the point of telephoning you, when I got your letter. on one’s last legs: (of a person or thing) not expected to last much longer; worn out; almost in ruins: That company is on its last legs. on the verge of: close to: She was on the verge of tears. \ See Also شفير (الموت أو الإفلاس، إلخ)، عَلى وَشْك \ عَلَى صَهْوَةِ الجَوَاد \ on horseback: on a horse: He travelled on horseback. \ عَلَى ضِغْن \ grudgingly: unwillingly. \ See Also على غير رَغْبَة \ عَلَى طُولِ \ along: following the line of: He ran along the road. down: along (without regard to level): We raced down the street. My friend lives just down the road. \ عَلَى ظَهْر \ on deck: on an uncovered deck, in the open air. \ See Also سَطْح السفينة \ عَلَى ظَهْر الحِصان \ on horseback: on a horse: He travelled on horseback. \ عَلَى ظَهْر السَّفينة \ on board: on (or on to) a ship or aeroplane: There are 70 men on board. Can I go on board the aircraft?. \ عَلَى ظَهْر الصَّفْحَة \ overleaf: on the back of the page: Please fill in this paper, and sign your name overleaf. \ عَلَى عَرْض \ across: over; from one side to the other of: He ran across the street. There is a bridge across the stream. \ عَلَى العَكْس \ on the contrary: (expressing disagreement) the opposite is true: It’s not worn out - on the contrary, it’s quite new. \ عَلَى عِلْم بِـ \ familiar with: knowing; accustomed to: I’m not familiar with English law. \ عَلَى عُلُوّ \ high: (in compounds) to the height of: The grass was waist-high. \ عَلَى الغالِب \ probably: almost certainly; with little doubt: You’re probably right. \ عَلَى غَيْر انتظار \ surprisingly: unexpectedly: a surprisingly good result. \ عَلَى غَيْر رَغْبَة \ grudgingly: unwillingly. \ عَلَى غَيْر هُدًى \ adrift: (of boats) loose; floating about with no control: Our ship was wrecked and we were left adrift in a small boat on the ocean. \ عَلَى فَتَرات مُنْتَظِمة \ periodically: from time to time. \ عَلَى فَرض أنّ \ (conj.) supposing: if: Supposing he’s late, shall we wait for him? Even supposing the lorry comes, it will still be too late. \ عَلَى الفِطْرة \ na]ve: too simple to be sensible; lacking wisdom and experience: a na]ve question; a na]ve young girl. \ عَلَى فِكْرَة \ by the way: used to show that the speaker is about to change the subject: Thank you for your help. By the way, would you like to come to our party next week?. \ عَلَى الفَوْر \ directly: at once: He arrived directly after me. instantly: at once. off-hand: without thought or preparation: I can’t say off-hand what it cost, but it was over $1000. \ عَلَى قافية واحدة \ rhyme: (of word endings) to have the same sound: ‘Consideration’ rhymes with ‘nation’, ‘Port’ rhymes with ‘thought’. ‘Pleasure’ rhymes with ‘measure’ but not with ‘pressure’. \ عَلَى قَدْر \ according to: in the proper way for; depending on: Each man was paid according to his skill. \ عَلَى قَدَم وَسَاق \ in full swing: (of an activity) at its highest point; very busy: The party was in full swing when I arrived. \ عَلَى قَيْد الحَيَاة \ alive: living: He was buried alive when part of a cliff fell on him. \ عَلَى كُلّ حال \ at any rate: at least; in any case: He wasn’t there; at any rate, I don’t think he was. I may not succeed; but I’ll try, at any rate. \ عَلَى مَا يَبْدُو \ apparently: it seems (from what people say): I thought she was 15, but apparently is older. \ عَلَى ما يَصِل إليه عِلْمي \ to the best of my knowledge: as far as I know: To the best of my knowledge, my son has never met her. \ See Also على مَبْلَغ علمي \ عَلَى المَدَى الطَّويل \ in the long run: after a period of time; in the end: It’ll be cheaper in the long run to buy good quality shoes. \ عَلَى مسؤوليَّته الشخصيّة \ at one’s own risk: agreeing that any troube will be one’s own fault: The bridge is unsafe but you can cross it at your own risk. \ عَلَى مسافة قريبة مِن \ off: a short distance from: an island off the English coast. \ عَلَى مُسْتَوًى \ level: equal in height or position: His eyes were level with my shoulder. \ عَلَى مِصْرَاعَيْه (فَتَحَ الباب)‏ \ wide: (with open) fully: open the door wide. Leave it wide open. \ عَلَى نَحْو مماثِل \ similarly: in the same way: They were similarly dressed. \ عَلَى نَسَق \ on the lines of: in the general form of: We’re planning some sports on the lines of the Olympic Games, but for schoolboys only. \ عَلَى نَفْس الوَتيرة \ even: (of movement) regular; steady: Her heart was not beating evenly. \ عَلَى نَوبات \ fits and starts: in short bursts; starting and stopping: The engine only goes in fits and starts. \ See Also فترات \ عَلَى هذا المُعَدَّل \ at that rate: if those conditions continue: He keeps stopping for a rest; at that rate, he won’t finish the job today. \ عَلَى هذا النَّحْو \ so: in this way; in that way: Don’t shout so!. thus: in this way. \ عَلَى الهَوَاء \ on the air: being sent out on the radio or television. \ عَلَى وَتِيرَة واحدة \ monotonous: (of a voice, a job, a way of life, etc.) dull, never changing and therefore uninteresting. \ عَلَى وَجْهٍ \ unusually: (with an adj.) very; strangely: It is unusually cold in here today. \ See Also بشكل غير عاديّ \ عَلَى وَجْهِ التَّقْريب \ roughly: (with numbers and amounts) not exactly; about: roughly 50 trees; roughly a mile away. \ عَلَى وَجْهِ الخُصُوص \ particularly: especially: a particularly nasty smell. \ عَلَى الوَجهِ الصحيح \ duly: properly; as expected: The bill was duly paid. The train duly arrived. \ عَلَى وَجْهِ العُمُوم \ in general: in most cases: Men in general are taller than women. \ عَلَى وَجْهٍ ما \ somehow: in some way or other, by some means or other: I’ll pay for it somehow, even if I have to ask someone to lend me the money. \ عَلَى وَجْهٍ مُسْتَهْجَن \ oddly: strangely: She behaved very oddly last night. \ عَلَى مِقْدار عِلْمي \ for all I know: as far as I know: For all I know, you may have stolen this. \ عَلَى مَقْرُبةٍ \ near: close to, in position: His house is near my own. \ عَلَى مَقرُبة مِن \ about: around; near There’s a lot of illness about. I went out early, when no one was about (when no one else was out). \ عَلَى مَهْل \ leisurely: without haste: He likes a leisurely walk in the evening. \ عَلَى نَحْو أسوأ \ worse: more bad; more badly: Murder is worse than stealing. It is a worse crime. You write even worse than I do. \ عَلَى نَحْوٍ أَفْضَل \ better, well, best: in a better way: He drives better than I do. \ عَلَى نَحْو تامّ \ strictly: exactly: Strictly speaking (If I tell you the exact truth) this ticket is out of date; but I’ll let you travel with it. \ See Also كامل (كامِل)‏ \ عَلَى نَحْو خَطير \ badly: seriously: He was badly wounded. \ عَلَى نَحْو رَخْو \ loosely: in a loose way: a loosely tied knot. \ See Also غير مُحْكَم \ عَلَى نَحْو رَدِيء \ badly: in a bad manner: badly dressed; badly made. \ عَلَى نَحْو صارم \ strictly: very firmly: Smoking in this cinema is strictly forbidden. \ See Also دَقيق \ عَلَى نَحْو صَحيح \ right: correctly: You guessed right. \ عَلَى نَحْو صَحيح \ rightly: justly; correctly: You acted rightly. \ See Also ملائم (مُلائم)‏ \ عَلَى نَحْوٍ كَامِل \ absolutely: without conditions: You must agree absolutely and not to try to change matters later. \ عَلَى نَحو مألوف \ ordinarily: usually. \ عَلَى نَحْو مُرْضٍ \ well: (the adv. form of the adj. good; see better, best) in a good and pleasing way: Well done! You played very well. \ عَلَى نَحْو مُلحّ \ badly: (with need, want) very much: They need money badly. \ عَلَى وَشْك \ on the point of doing sth.: starting to do sth.: I was on the point of telephoning you, when I got your letter. \ عَلَى وَشْك أَنْ \ be about to do sth.: to be ready to do it; be just going to do it: I was about to go when he arrived. on the verge of: close to: She was on the verge of tears. \ عَلَى يَد (مِن قِبَل)‏ \ by: (showing who or what did sth.): He was bitten by a dog. \ عَلَى اليدين والرِّجلين \ on all fours: on hands and knees: She went down on all fours to look for the needle.

مِن \ by: (showing how sth. is done): We hold things by the handle. We know people by name. We learn by experience. We earn money by working. from: showing the time that sth. started: I waited from six o’clock till eight, showing where sth. began or was obtained Are men descended from monkeys? He read aloud from the newspaper, showing cause He suffered from stomach pains, showing the lower limit of costs, numbers, etc. New bicycles cost from $60 to $90 each, showing a change The price rose from 20 pence to 25 pence, showing difference I don’t know one from the other, showing the place that one has left He arrived from Glasgow. of: (after a noun) showing contents, amount, kind, etc.: a cup of coffee (a cup that contains coffee); a cupful of coffee (enough coffee to fill a cup); a pound of sugar (sugar that weighs a pound); a piece of bread (not a whole loaf), (after an adj. or verb) concerning; about: I’m sure of it. She’s afraid of mice, (after a verb) showing a cause He died of hunger, (after an adj.) showing who did sth. and how he did it It was kind of your father to invite me (Your father was kind...), (after a participle) showing how sth. is formed a dress made of silk. than: used in comparing two objects; here the second subject and verb are always left out: I like you better than him (I like you better than I like him), used in comparing two subjects; it is better to put in the second verb, although some writers leave it out He is taller than I (am). He runs faster than I (do). \ مِن أَجْل \ because of: as a result of: Because of his illness, he could not travel. for: because of: He jumped for joy. She was sent to prison for stealing. for sb. to do sth.: that sb. should do sth.: I’m anxious for him to pass his exams. sake, for the sake of, for sb.’s sake: for the desire of: Why ruin your health for the sake of a little pleasure?, for the good of; so as to help: Soldiers die for the sake of their county (or for their country’s sake). Don’t take any risks for my sake. towards: as a help to: He gave me $5 towards the cost of my bicycle. \ مِن أَجْل ذلك \ hence: (often with no verb) for this reason: My car broke down; hence my late arrival. \ مِن أحدث طِراز \ up to date: up to the present moment; modern; knowing or showing the latest facts: Give me an up-to-date report on political events in South America. \ مِن أَصْل \ out: from among: Ten out of the twenty people were late. \ مِن الأَفْضَل \ preferably: if possible: Any day suits me, but preferably not Sunday. \ مِن الأَفْضَل \ had better: would be wise to: You had better try again tomorrow. \ See Also الأَجْدى لِـ \ مِن الآن \ hence: from now: A week hence I shall be in Rome. \ مِن... إلى \ from... to...: (without a or the) showing passage of time, distance in space, or repeated action: He visits me from time to time. He went from house to house in search of work. \ مِن آن إلى آخر \ every now and again, every now and then: again and again, but with no regular space between. \ مِن الآن فَصَاعِدًا \ henceforth, henceforward: from now on; in future. on: onwards: From now on I shall be more careful. \ مِن البداية إلى النهاية \ through: passing from one side or place to another; making a continuous journey: a through train. \ مِن بَعْدُ \ since: after; during the period after: I saw him on Tuesday, but I haven’t seen him since. I’ve been thinking about him ever since. \ مِن بَعيد \ from afar: from a great distance. \ مِن بَين \ out of: from among: Ten out of the twenty people were late. \ مِن ثَمَّ \ subsequently: afterwards: He became ill in the winter, and subsequently died. \ مِن جَانِبٍ إِلَى آخر \ across: form one side to the other: Run across before a car comes. The river is half a mile across. over: so that a different side is upwards: Turn the page over. Roll the body over. \ مِن جَديد \ afresh: again; making a new beginning: Tear up this page and start afresh. \ مِن جَمِيع الجهَات \ around: on all sides (of); round; here and there: The boys were running around. A crowd gathered around me. \ مِن جَمِيع الوُجوه تقريبًا \ to all intents and purposes: in regard to all that matters: To all intents and purposes, the work is finished (though a few unimportant points remain to be dealt with). \ مِن جِهة \ in respect of, with respect to, respecting: concerning: a bill in respect of car repairs. on the part of: in the case of; so far as sb. is concerned: There was no mistake on her part (If there was a mistake, it was not hers). \ مِن جهة ومِن الجهة الأخرى \ on the one hand, on the other hand: comparing opposite facts or ideas; the first phrase is often left out: (On the one hand) you can live more cheaply in the country; on the other hand, work is harder to find there. \ مِن الحديد \ iron: made of iron; as strong as iron: an iron bar; an iron will. \ مِن حُسن التوفيق \ happily: fortunately: Happily, he was not hurt in the accident. a good job: a fortunate thing: It’s a good job that you crossed before the bridge fell. fortunately: adv. as the result of good fortune: He fell down but fortunately did not hurt himself. \ See Also لحسن الحظ (لِحُسْنِ الحَظّ)‏ \ مِن حَوْل \ around: on all sides (of); round; here and there: The boys were running around. A crowd gathered around me. \ مِن حَيْثُ شَخْصُهُ \ personally: as a person (in regard to character); socially: I like him personally, but I dislike his political ideas. \ مِن حِين لآخَر \ occasional: happening sometimes, but not regularly: We had an occasional quarrel. now and again, now and then: sometimes. \ مِن خِلال \ through: from one side to the other; from one end to the other: He drove a nail through (the board). A river ran through (the town). Water runs through pipes. I looked through the window, but I couldn’t see far through the mist. I read through my notes. \ مِن الدرجة الأولى \ first-class, first-rate: of the best quality: He is a first-class photographer. \ مِن سُخْرِية الأقدار \ ironic(al): (of events) like a cruel joke: It was ironical that she should break her leg just when she had at last got a job as a dancer. \ مِنَ الشرق \ eastern: belonging to the east. \ مِن صُنْعِ اليَد \ hand-made: made by hand, not by a machine: Hand-made shoes. \ مِن الضروريّ أن كما \ must: (p.t.. had to, neg.. needn’t, don’t/didn’t need to; don’t/didn’t have to) need to: You must go now, mustn’t you? Yes, I must. No, I needn’t go yet. \ مِن الطبيعيّ \ it goes without saying (that): naturally; of course: The invitation was sent to me; but it goes without saying that my wife is included. \ مِن الطراز القديم \ old-fashioned: (of people) holding on to old ideas and customs; (of things) not modern; no longer used. \ مِن طَرَف لآخر \ through: passing from one side or place to another; making a continuous journey: a through train. \ مِن عَجيب التَّقادِير \ ironic(al): (of events) like a cruel joke: It was ironical that she should break her leg just when she had at last got a job as a dancer. \ مِن عَلى ظهر السفينة \ overboard: over the side of a boat, and into the water: They jumped overboard when the ship was on fire. \ مِن غَيْر \ without: not with; not having: Without doubt, this is the best. I did it without his help. He took my bicycle without asking me. \ مِن غَيْر حَرَج \ freely: readily: They freely accepted my advice. \ مِنَ الفراء \ fur: animal skin, with the fur on it, used as clothing: a coat with a collar of fur; a fur hat. \ مِنَ الفِراش \ up: out of bed: I get up at 6.30 every morning. We stayed up very late last night. \ مِن فَضْلِك \ kindly: please!: kindly close the door!. please: (when asking) giving a polite order: Please stop that noise. A cup of coffee, please, asking for a favour or for permission Will you help me, please? Please, may I use your pen?. \ مِن فَوْق \ over: across, from one side of sth. to the other: He jumped over the fence. The gate was locked, so he climbed over. \ مِن فَوق سَطْح المَرْكَب \ overboard: over the side of a boat, and into the water: They jumped overboard when the ship was on fire. \ مِن قَبْل \ ago: before the present time: 100 years ago; a short while ago. already: before this time: She’s already married. before: at an earlier time (than): I have been here before. beforehand: before; early; in readiness: If you want your dinner early, warn the cook beforehand. \ مِن قِبَل \ by: (showing who or what did sth.): He was bitten by a dog. \ مِن قَلْبٍ مُخْلص \ heartily: thoroughly: I heartily agree with you. \ مِنَ المُؤسِف \ pity: (with a) an unfortunate fact or happening: It’s a pity that you can’t go with us to the cinema. \ مِنَ المُحَتَّم \ bound, (bind, bound) to: certain to: He’s bound to win. \ See Also المُؤَكَّد أَنّ \ مِنَ المُحْتَمَل \ likely: (usu. with very, most, more or quite) probably: She’s very likely right. well: (with may) very possibly; with good reason: He may well be late if the road is being repaired. \ مِن مُدّةٍ قريبة \ the other day: a few days ago: I met your son the other day. \ مِن المَرْتَبَة أو الدَّرَجة الثّانِية \ second-class: of the next level below that of top quality: The less comfortable second-class seats were much cheaper than the first-class ones. \ مِن المَفْروض أنّ \ be supposed to: to have a duty to; be expected to: You’re supposed to be working now, not playing. You’re not supposed to be here (You ought not be here). \ مِن مَكانٍ لآخَر \ about: from place to place in: We wandered about the town. \ مِن المُمْكِن \ could, (could not, couldn’t): (with an if clause, showing a possibility that depends on sth. else) would be able to: She could buy it if you lent her the money. possibly: perhaps: Possibly you can help. well: (with may) very possibly; with good reason: He may well be late if the road is being repaired.. \ مِنَ المُمْكِن أن \ could, (could not, couldn’t): (showing a simple possibility): You could telephone her (if you wanted to). might: expressing a weak possibility (future, present or past): She might do that tomorrow; she might be doing it at this moment; she might even have done it already (but I doubt that she has done it or ever will do it). \ مِنْ ناحية... مِنَ الناحية الأخرى \ on the one hand, on the other hand: comparing opposite facts or ideas; the first phrase is often left out: (On the one hand) you can live more cheaply in the country; on the other hand, work is harder to find there. \ مِن النّاحية النظريّة \ in theory: as an idea; according to ideas: Your plan may work in theory, but it will not work in practice. \ مِنَ النُّبَلاء \ earl: the title of a British nobleman. \ مِنَ النُّبَلاء \ noble: of high rank: a woman of noble birth. \ See Also الأشراف \ مِنْ نِتاج الوَطَن \ home-grown: (of food) grown in one’s own country, not in another country: home-grown vegetables. \ مِنْ نُسْخَتَين \ in duplicate: on two separate copies: Please complete this list in duplicate. \ مِنْ نَسْل \ descendant: sb. who is descended from a person: a descendant of Queen Victoria. \ See Also ذرية (ذُرِّيَّة)‏ \ مِنْ نَفْس البَلَد \ countryman, countrymen: (usu. fellow countryman) a person of the same nation as another. \ مِنْ نوع راق \ classical: of proved and lasting value: classical music. \ مَنْ هُم أَعْلَى مقَامًا \ betters, one’s betters: those who have more experience or higher rank than onself: Treat your betters with more respect. \ See Also أَرْفَع شَأنًا مِن \ مِن هُنَا \ away: (with verbs of movement) to a distance: Go away! We drove the dog away. by: past: Please let me (get) by. He smiled as he went by. \ مَن هو أَعْلَى دَرَجَةً \ superior: sb. of higher rank: You must obey your superiors. \ مِن واجبه أن \ up to: the duty of: It’s up to his father to punish him. \ مِن وَاحِد إلى آخَر \ over: across, from one person to another: She handed over the keys to a friend. \ مِن الواضح \ much: (in comparison; before most, etc.) without doubt; clearly: He is much the most experienced player in the team. \ مِن وَراءِ ظَهْرِه \ behind sb.’s back: when someone is not present: He tells untrue stories about me behind my back. \ مِن وَقْت لاِخَر \ now and again: sometimes. off and on, on and off: not continuously; at one time and another: It has been raining off and on the whole day. sometimes: at certain times but not always: Sometimes I win and sometimes I don’t. England sometimes has a hot summer, but not often.

   a. ( = rempli) full

• j'ai les mains pleines my hands are full

• plein à craquer crammed full

• être plein aux as (inf!) to be rolling in it (inf)

► plein de ( = rempli de) full of ; [taches] covered in

• il est plein d'idées he's bursting with ideas

• elle est pleine de bonne volonté she's very willing► en plein + nom in the middle of

• arriver en plein milieu du cours to arrive right in the middle of the class

• c'est arrivé en pleine rue it happened out in the street

• en plein jour in broad daylight

• en pleine nuit in the middle of the night

• en plein hiver in the middle of winter

• je suis en plein travail I'm in the middle of something

• en pleine poitrine right in the chest

• cette affaire est en plein essor this is a rapidly expanding business

   b. ( = complet) [succès, confiance, satisfaction] complete

• absent un jour plein absent for a whole day

• avoir les pleins pouvoirs to have full powers

• pleine lune full moon

• c'est la pleine mer the tide is in

• avoir pleine conscience de qch to be fully aware of sth

• heurter qch de plein fouet to crash headlong into sth

• prendre qch à pleines mains to grasp sth firmly

   c. ( = non creux) [paroi, porte, pneu] solid ; [joues] chubby ; [voix] rich ; [trait] unbroken

   d. ( = enceinte) [vache] in calf ; [jument] in foal ; [brebis] in lamb

   e. ( = ivre) (inf!) plastered (inf!)

2. <

   a. ( = beaucoup) (inf) tu as des romans ? -- j'en ai plein have you any novels? -- I've got loads

► plein de ( = beaucoup de) lots of

• il y a plein de gens dans la rue the street is full of people

• un gâteau avec plein de crème a cake with lots of cream

   b. ( = exactement vers) se diriger plein ouest to head due west

• donner plein ouest to face due west

   c. (locutions)

► plein le(s)

• il a des bonbons plein les poches his pockets are full of sweets

• en avoir plein le dos de qch (inf) be sick and tired of sth (inf)

• en avoir plein les jambes (inf) to be exhausted► à plein [fonctionner, tourner] at full capacity ; [exploiter] to the full

• il faut profiter à plein de ces jours de congé you should make the very most of your time off► en plein + préposition ou adverbe

• en plein dans l'eau right in the water

• en plein dans l'œil right in the eye

• j'ai marché en plein dedans I stepped right in it

3. <

   a. le théâtre fait le plein tous les soirs the theatre has a full house every night

• j'ai fait le plein de souvenirs I came back with lots of memories

   b. [d'essence] faire le plein to fill up

• le plein, s'il vous plaît fill it up please

* * *

1.

pleine plɛ̃, plɛn adjectif

1) ( rempli) full (de of)

une jupe pleine de taches — a skirt covered with stains

2)

un plein verre/panier — a glassful/basketful (de of)

saisir à pleines mains — to take hold of [something] with both hands [objet massif]; to pick up a handful of [terre, sable, pièces]

3) ( non creux) [brique, mur] solid; [joues, visage] plump; [forme] rounded

4) ( total) [pouvoir, accord, effet] full; [succès, confiance] complete

avoir la responsabilité pleine et entière de quelque chose — to have full responsibility for something

5) ( entier) [mois] whole, full; [lune] full

6) ( milieu)

en pleine poitrine/réunion/forêt — (right) in the middle of the chest/meeting/forest

en plein cœur — right in the heart

en plein jour — in broad daylight

en plein été — at the height of summer

en plein hiver — in the depths of winter

en pleine mer — on the open sea

être en pleine mutation — to be experiencing radical change

7) Zoologie pleine [femelle] pregnant; [vache] in calf (après n); [jument] in foal (après n); [truie] in pig (après n)

8) (colloq) ( ivre) sloshed (colloq), drunk

9) ( en parlant de cuir)

reliure pleine peau — full leather binding

veste pleine peau — jacket made out of full skins

2.

adverbe

1) ( exprimant une grande quantité)

avoir des billes plein les poches — to have one's pockets full of marbles

il a des idées plein la tête — he's full of ideas

2) ( directement)

être orienté plein sud — to face due south

3.

nom masculin

1) ( de réservoir)

faire le plein de — lit to fill up with [eau, carburant]; fig to get a lot of [idées, voix, visiteurs]

j'ai fait deux pleins or deux fois le plein pour venir ici — I took two tankfuls to get here

le plein s'il vous plaît — fill it up please

2) ( en calligraphie) downstroke

4.

plein de (colloq) déterminant indéfini

plein de — lots of, loads (colloq) of

5.

à plein locution adverbiale [bénéficier, utiliser] fully

tourner or marcher à plein — to work flat out, to work to capacity

6.

en plein locution adverbiale

l'avion s'est écrasé en plein sur l'immeuble — the plane crashed straight into the building

il m'est rentré en plein dedans — (colloq) he crashed right into me

7.

tout plein (colloq) locution adverbiale really

mignon tout plein — really sweet

Phrasal Verbs:

- pleine page

- pleine propriété

••

en avoir plein les jambes (colloq) or pattes — (colloq) to be worn out, to be fit to drop (colloq)

en avoir plein le dos (colloq) or les bottes — (sl)to be fed up (to the back teeth) (colloq)

(s')en prendre plein les gencives — (sl) to get it in the neck (colloq)

* * *

plɛ̃, plɛn plein, -e

1. adj

1) (= rempli) full

plein à craquer — full to bursting

avoir les mains pleines — to have one's hands full

plein de — full of, (= beaucoup de) lots of

La rue est pleine de gens. — The street is full of people.

un gâteau avec plein de crème — a cake with lots of cream

2) (non creux) (porte, roue) solid

3) (= gravide) (chienne) pregnant, (jument) in foal

4) (autres locutions)

avoir de l'argent plein les poches — to have loads of money

en avoir plein le dos * — to have had it up to here *

à pleines mains [ramasser] — in handfuls, [empoigner] firmly

en plein air — in the open air

jeux en plein air — outdoor games

en plein jour — in broad daylight

en pleine mer — on the open sea

en plein milieu — right in the middle

en pleine nuit — in the middle of the night

à plein régime — at maximum revs, figat full speed

en pleine rue — in the middle of the street

en plein soleil — in direct sunlight

à plein temps — full-time

Elle travaille à plein temps. — She works full-time.

2. nm

1) [carburant]

faire le plein — to fill up (with petrol Grande-Bretagne), to fill up (with gas USA)

Le plein, s'il vous plaît. — Fill it up, please.

2) (= maximum)

faire le plein des voix — to get the maximum number of votes possible

3) (autres locutions)

tourner à plein [usine, machine] — to work at full capacity

en plein sur — right on

3. pleins nmpl

CALLIGRAPHIE downstrokes

* * *

plein, pleine

A adj

1 ( rempli) full (de of); être plein à craquer to be full to bursting; j'ai les mains pleines my hands are full; il avait les yeux pleins de larmes his eyes were full of tears; être plein de vie/d'idées/de fraîcheur to be full of life/of ideas/of freshness; être plein d'humour [personne, film, livre] to be amusing; des huîtres bien pleines nice fat oysters; une jupe pleine de taches a skirt covered with stains; avoir le nez plein○ to need to blow one's nose;

2 ( indiquant une quantité maximale) un plein verre/panier/pot a glassful/basketful/potful (de of); une pleine assiette/valise/salle a plateful/suitcaseful/roomful (de of); il a une pleine cave de vin/chambre de jouets he has a cellar full of wine/bedroom full of toys; un plein carton de vieux journaux a boxful of old newspapers; prendre or saisir qch à pleines mains to take hold of sth with both hands [objet massif]; to pick up a handful of sth [terre, sable, pièces de monnaie];

3 ( non creux) [brique, mur, cloison] solid; [joues, visage] plump; [forme] rounded;

4 ( total) [pouvoir, accord, effet, adhésion] full; [succès, satisfaction, confiance] complete; confier or voter les pleins pouvoirs à qn to grant sb full power; avec le plein accord de qn with sb's full agreement; avoir la pleine maîtrise/utilisation de qch to have full control/use of sth; plein et entier [accord, adhésion, responsabilité] full; avoir la responsabilité pleine et entière de qch to have full responsibility for sth;

5 ( entier) [jour, mois, année] whole, full; [lune] full; il faut compter un mois plein you should allow a full month; c'est la pleine mer it is high tide;

6 ( milieu) en pleine poitrine/tête (right) in the middle of the chest/head; en pleine réunion/nuit/crise (right) in the middle of the meeting/night/crisis; en pleine ville/forêt/campagne (right) in the middle of the town/forest/countryside; en plein cœur right in the heart; en plein centre-ville right in the centre^GB of town; en plein mois d'août right in the middle of August; en plein jour in broad daylight; en plein été at the height of summer; en plein hiver in the depths of winter; en pleine mer on the open sea; être en pleine mutation or évolution to be experiencing radical change; être en pleine récession to be in a deep recession;

7 Zool pleine [femelle] pregnant; [vache] in calf; [jument] in foal; [truie] in pig;

8 ○( ivre) sloshed○, drunk;

9 ( en parlant de cuir) reliure pleine peau full leather binding; un livre avec une reliure pleine peau a fully leather-bound book; manteau/veste pleine peau coat/jacket made out of full skins.

B adv

1 ( exprimant une grande quantité) avoir des billes plein les poches to have one's pockets full of marbles; il a des idées plein la tête he's full of ideas;

2 ( directement) être orienté plein sud/nord to face due south/north.

C nm

1 ( de réservoir) faire le plein de lit to fill up with [eau, carburant]; fig to get a lot of [idées, voix, visiteurs]; s'arrêter pour faire le plein to stop to fill up; j'ai fait deux pleins or deux fois le plein pour venir ici I took two tankfuls to get here; le plein s'il vous plaît fill it up please;

2 Phys les pleins et les vides plenums and vacuums;

3 ( en calligraphie) downstroke; les pleins et les déliés the downstrokes and upstrokes.

D ○ plein de dét indéf plein de lots of, loads○ of [choses, argent, bises, amis]; tu veux des timbres? j'en ai (tout) plein do you want any stamps? I've got loads.

E à plein loc adv [bénéficier, utiliser] fully; tourner or marcher à plein [machine, entreprise] to work flat out, to work to capacity.

F en plein loc adv en plein devant right in front of; atterrir en plein dans le jardin/sur le toit to land right in the middle of the garden GB ou yard US/on top of the roof; l'avion s'est écrasé en plein sur l'immeuble the plane crashed straight into the building; il m'est rentré en plein dedans○ he crashed right into me.

G ○ tout plein loc adv really; gentil/mignon tout plein really nice/sweet.

Composés

pleine page Imprim full page; pleine propriété Jur freehold.

Idiomes

en avoir plein les jambes or pattes○ to be worn out, to be fit to drop○; en avoir plein le dos○ or les bottes○ or le cul● to be fed up (to the back teeth) (de with); (s')en prendre plein les gencives○ or la gueule● to get it in the neck○.

( féminin pleine) [plɛ̃, plɛn] adjectif

1. [rempli] full

avoir l'estomac ou le ventre plein to have a full stomach

avoir les mains pleines to have one's hands full

verre à demi plein half full glass

plein à ras bord full to the brim

plein à ras bord de brimming with

plein de full of

une pièce pleine de livres a room full of books

un roman plein d'intérêt a very interesting novel

être plein d'enthousiasme/de bonne volonté to show great enthusiasm/willingness

plein aux as (familier) loaded, stinking rich

plein à craquer

a. [valise] bulging, bursting, crammed full

b. [salle] packed

un gros plein de soupe (familier) a tub of lard, a fat slob

être plein comme un œuf

a. (familier) [valise, salle] to be chock-a-block

b. [personne repue] to be stuffed

être plein (comme) une barrique ou une outre (familier) to be (well) tanked up

2. [massif] solid

une porte pleine a solid door

en bois plein solid-wood

3. [complet] full

année pleine full (calendar) year

plein temps, temps plein full-time

être ou travailler à temps plein to work full-time

pleine page

a. [généralement] full page

b. [en publicité, sur une page] full-page ad

c. [en publicité, sur deux pages] spread

avoir les pleins pouvoirs to have full powers

4. [chargé] busy, full

j'ai eu une journée pleine I've had a busy day

ma vie a été pleine I've led a full life

5. [en intensif]

une pleine carafe de a jugful of

une pleine valise de a suitcase full of

plein gré: de son plein gré of his own volition (soutenu) ou free will

j'ai pleine conscience de ce qui m'attend I know exactly what to expect

être en pleine forme to be on top form

embrasser quelqu'un à pleine bouche to kiss somebody full on the mouth

rire à pleine gorge to laugh one's head off

chanter/crier à plein gosier to sing/to shout at the top of one's voice

ramasser quelque chose à pleines mains to pick up handfuls of something

sentir quelque chose à plein nez to reek of something

respirer à pleins poumons to take deep breaths

plein tube (familier) , pleins tubes (familier) : mettre la radio (à) pleins tubes to put the radio on full blast

foncer/rouler (à) plein tube to go/to drive flat out

pleine charge moteur full throttle

pleins feux sur spotlight on

pleins gaz (familier) , pleins pots (familier) full throttle

pleins phares full beam (UK), high beams (US)

6. [arrondi] full

avoir des formes pleines to have a well-rounded ou full figure

avoir des joues pleines to have chubby cheeks, to be chubby-cheeked

7. ZOOLOGIE [vache] in calf

[jument] in foal

[chatte] pregnant

8. (littéraire) [préoccupé]

ses lettres sont pleines de vous she talks about nothing but you in her letters

être plein de soi-même/son sujet to be full of oneself/one's subject

9. JEUX [couleur] full

10. ASTRONOMIE & MÉTÉOROLOGIE full

la lune est pleine the moon is full

la pleine mer high tide

————————

nom masculin

1. [de carburant] full tank

avec un plein, tu iras jusqu'à Versailles you'll get as far as Versailles on a full tank

faire le plein to fill up

le plein, s'il vous plaît fill her ou it up, please

faire le plein de vitamines/soleil (figuré) to stock up on vitamins/sunshine

[de courses]

on fait le plein une fois par mois au supermarché we stock up once a month at the supermarket

2. [maximum]

donner son plein [personne] to give one's best, to give one's all

3. [en calligraphie] downstroke

les pleins et les déliés the downstrokes and the upstrokes

4. CONSTRUCTION solid ou massive parts

————————

adverbe

1. (familier)

tout plein [très] really

il est mignon tout plein, ce bébé what a cute little baby

2. [non creux]

sonner plein to sound solid

————————

préposition

[partout dans] all over

j'ai des plantes plein ma maison my house is full of plants, I have plants all over the house

avoir de l'argent plein les poches (figuré) to have loads of money

en avoir plein les bottes de quelque chose (familier) to be fed up with something

j'en ai plein les bottes ou pattes (familier) my feet are killing me, I'm bushed

j'en ai plein le dos (familier) ou le cul (très familier) I've had it up to here

s'en mettre plein la lampe (familier) to stuff one's face

en mettre plein la vue à quelqu'un (familier) to put on a show for somebody

en prendre plein les dents ou les gencives (familier) ou la gueule (très familier)

a. [se faire reprendre] to get a right rollocking (UK), to get bawled out (US)

b. [être éperdu d'admiration] to be bowled over

————————

à plein locution adverbiale

les moteurs/usines tournent à plein the engines/factories are working to full capacity

utiliser des ressources à plein to make full use of resources

————————

de plein droit locution adverbiale

exiger ou réclamer quelque chose de plein droit to demand something as of right ou as one's right

————————

de plein fouet locution adjectivale

head on

————————

de plein fouet locution adverbiale

head on, full on

les deux véhicules se sont heurtés de plein fouet the vehicles hit each other head on ou full on

————————

en plein locution adverbiale

1. [en entier] in full, entirely

le soleil éclaire la pièce en plein the sun lights up the entire room

2. [complètement, exactement]

en plein dans/sur right in the middle of/on top of

tomber en plein dans un piège to fall right into a trap

————————

en plein locution prépositionnelle,

en pleine locution prépositionnelle

[au milieu de, au plus fort de]

en plein air in the open (air)

en pleine campagne right out in the country

en plein cœur de la ville right in the heart of the city

une industrie en plein essor a boom ou fast-growing industry

en pleine figure ou (familier) poire right in the face

en plein jour in broad daylight

en pleine mer (out) in the open sea

en pleine nuit in the middle of the night

en plein soleil in full sunlight

en plein vent in the wind

en plein vol in mid-flight

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plein de locution déterminante

(familier) lots of

il y avait plein de gens dans la rue there were crowds ou masses of people in the street

tu veux des bonbons/de l'argent? j'en ai plein do you want some sweets/money? I've got loads ou lots